Here’s what I know about the Jura…
The Jura is in eastern France, bordering on Switzerland, northwest of Geneva. (Wade and I were in Geneva a couple years ago, the high price of the Swiss Franc and the fact that we literally drove around the same loop for an hour trying to get out of town didn’t leave either of us anxious to head back – we did eat some decent Mexican food though.) The French Alps along the border are known for making great cheese – the most famous is Comte. There have also been a number of successful archaeological digs in the area – Jura is the root for Jurassic, but as far as I know, neither Cut Chemist or Chali 2na are from the area. Louis Pasteur did most of his research on fermentation in the area as well.
The wines from the region are interesting, and entirely unique. The green hills of the Alps are largely used for grazing cows, but there are pockets of vines. The vineyards grow a handful of grape varieties, some familiar and some unique to the region – Chardonnay and Savagnin for white, Pinot Noir, Trousseau, and Poulsard for red. From what I’ve heard, the locals believe that Chardonnay and Pinot Noir originated in the area before heading west to Burgundy, and Savagnin (often called Traminer locally) is an ancestor of Gewurtraminer.
I keep saying this – fruit is not what’s interesting about wine. In the Jura this is immediately obvious. The reds are pretty straightforward, Pinot Noir tends toward a certain lightness and floral aromas, Poulsard makes lightly colored pretty wines (often barely darker than rose), and Trousseau can be like a cross between Pinot Noir and Gamay, with a bit more earthiness. The whites are where things get interesting. There’s a range of styles from dry to sweet, bubbly and still, and then there’s Vin Jaune.
Cremant de Jura can be nice little sparkling wines, usually drunk in the region, but if you find a bottle it’s worth checking out. Dry whites in the conventional style are quite nice; Chardonnay ranges from medium-light to moderately full body, and can be unoaked or slightly toasty, but always with a nice earthiness from the clay coil of the region, Savignin (no that’s not a typo) makes crisp wines, with pleasant acidity.
I use the word “conventional” to contrast with the classic styles of white from the Jura. When wine ages in barrels, there is a slow evaporation through the pores of the wood – the wine lost through evaporation (the Angel’s Share) is replaced so that the barrels are always full, this practice of “topping off” the barrels keeps unwanted bacteria and oxygen out of the barrel so the wine stays fresh. The Jurassiens do it a bit differently – for certain wines the barrel is never topped off, as evaporation takes place a film of bacteria develops on top of the wine, this film allows for a slow exposure to oxygen, and imparts earthy flavors. Basically, the wine is allowed to spoil, but in a controlled way. Wines made in this way are called “sous voile,” which translates as under a veil.
Any white wine from the Jura could potentially be sous voile (often the label won’t tell you, so you’re going to have to ask your merchant). Wines from Arbois and l’Etoile can be made in this style, or not. Recently I’ve enjoyed a sous voile l’Etoile (how can you not like a wine called “the star?”) that I sincerely think I could drink exclusively for the rest of my days.
The big daddy of sous voile wines is Vin Jaune – made from Savagnin, and aged in barrel for a minimum of 6 1/4 years (yes, six years and three months, I’m not making that up - thanks to Olif for the correction) before it’s released. Vin Jaune is traditionally bottled in a 620 mL bottle called a Clavelin – the rest what would typically be 1000mL is lost through evaporation during the ageing process.
What does this all mean in the glass? Well, on the most basic level it means that lots of people are going to think that Vin Jaune is rotten. I had Wade taste some once, and he spit it out saying, “I know that flavor, I don’t like that flavor.” The taste is definitely very strong – that flavor is called Rancio. Rancio is a very complex taste, not unique to wine, it’s sort of like Umami in that it’s not salty or bitter, rather it’s a kind of nuttiness (often likened to rancid walnuts). Think about how coffee can sometimes literally smell like shit, or caramel sometimes tastes slightly bitter and you’re heading in the right direction.
I fucking love the stuff. I’ll admit that my experience with Vin Jaune is far more modest than I’d like it to be, but I’ve never met a bottle I haven’t liked. I did a tasting a while back for some friends (David, who requested this post was among them) and it blew everyone’s minds. The flavors of these wines are incredible. They’re dry, and almost salty, with that super nutty aroma and vibrant acidity. The oxidation keeps the wines from being tart, and the extended age gives depth and complexity to the flavor. You can taste notes of walnut, dried apricot, toffee, curry, and candied citrus. The wines are meant to age (and they will age for forever and 6 days), but I’ve not yet had the privilege to enjoy anything older than the mid 90’s – in other words, current releases.
With our tasting, we snacked on Jurasien cheeses, Beaufort and Comte, and I’ve never tasted a wine & cheese pairing that was so completely harmonious – the combo made you taste something that you never knew was missing from both elements. The wines also went really well with roasted walnuts, and dried apricots. The big surprise (suggested by Ed Bair in the Art of Eating, who wrote an incredible article about the wines and the region last year) was how perfectly Vin Jaune played with dark chocolate.
I’ve been writing these posts about the basics of wine, and I don’t want anyone to get the wrong idea - this is AP stuff. Most people, when tasting Vin Jaune, or even a young sous voile wine like l’Etoile, are going to HATE it. Isn’t that what makes life interesting though?
Some wines to search out (added June 9):
Tissot NV Cremant du Jura
Jacques Puffeney 2004 Arbois Trousseau Les Bérangères
Domaine de Montbourgeau 2002 l'Etoile (my current favorite)
Jacques Puffenet 1998 Vin Jaune
Also check out the super informative site of Berthet Bondet. If you read french, one of the best wine-bloggers around is located in the Jura - le blog d'Olif.